The federal mineral record holds 2,798 entries for Pennsylvania — 2,584 mines that shipped ore, 81 prospects that never became mines, 118 recorded occurrences. Below it: 2 places where you can legally collect.
Mineral history, not an invitation. This mineral history comes from a federal record of historic mines, prospects, and occurrences. It is not a list of places to collect. Historic mine sites are usually on private land, under active mining claims, or unsafe to enter — and often all three. The places you can actually collect are in the legal-access directory below.
The commodities that drew miners and prospectors to Pennsylvania, by number of historic records:
Iron · 985Limestone · 210Clay · 207Flagstone · 145Zinc · 87Lead · 73Manganese · 62Copper · 61
Records from the USGS Mineral Resources Data System, a legacy federal database last revised August 2022 and no longer updated.
Hours, fees, and access rules change. Verify with the operator or land agency before you go.
Danville, PA
brachiopodspelecypodscrinoid stems
Public land, rules apply · Free · Open dawn to dark, year-round. The exposed shale gets quite hot to the touch by mid-afternoon in summer, so mornings are far more pleasant. Pets are not permitted at the pit.
Checked against its source August 16, 2026
Swatara State Park — Suedberg Fossil Site
Pine Grove, PA
trilobite fossilsphacops ranabrachiopods
State park dig · Free · Open year-round during park hours. The Mahantango shale splits far better dry, so skip the days right after heavy rain.
Checked against its source August 16, 2026
Yes — at places that allow it. This page lists 2 in Pennsylvania: fee digs, designated collecting areas, and official localities, each checked against its source. Everywhere else, legality depends on who owns the land and what rules apply. Before any trip: check land ownership and current mining claims, get permission, respect closures, and never enter old mine workings.
Treat Pennsylvania's historic mines as history, not destinations. Most sit on private land or active mining claims, and old workings are dangerous even to walk. The mineral record on this page tells you what the ground holds — the directory tells you where you are welcome to look for it.